Burnout Mental Health Professionals - 834 Words

Blau, Tatum, and Goldberg (2013) indicated that burnout has been studied in various mental health workers, including; case managers, psychologist, psychotherapist, social workers, rehabilitation counselor, and intensive care workers. Due to the nature of the field and high involvement with the others, mental health workers are likely to experience burnout (Sangganjanavanich Balkin, 2010). Multiple job duties can cause unnecessary stress within the work environment when daily task is not managed properly among mental health professionals. In a survey completed by the American Counseling Association (ACA) 75.7% of mental health professionals that colleagues coping with burnout are significant threat to the profession of counseling (Puig, Baggs, Mixon, Park, Kim, Lee, 2011). Of those professional, 63.5% indicated that they are aware of colleagues who cope with burnout (Puig, Baggs, Mixon, Park, Kim Lee, 2011). Craig and Sprang (2010) indicate that mental health professionals that provide therapy services are faced with daily life adversities that other professionals do not have to encounter. Moreover, other professionals only witness these adversities through television and film (Craig Sprang, 2010). Burnout has been studied in marriage and family therapist, professional counselors, and school counselor (Lee, Choi, Kissinger, and Ogle; Thomas, Kholi, and Choi; Wilkerson, 2009). In addition, research indicates a significant interaction with burnout andShow MoreRelatedHow Cultural Beliefs Affect Our Lives1237 Words   |  5 Pagespresentation, we will be looking at the ways independence, close knit social connections, and their religious worldviews can affect the likelihood that a person from Appalachia may seek help from a mental health professional and how these aspects affect Appalachians views on stigma related to mental health. Independence and Individualism is something that many Appalachians value, and they are very focused on doing things on their own. The close knit families and social groups can cause AppalachiansRead MoreThe Issue Of A Domestic Violence Advocate952 Words   |  4 Pageshave had difficulty working through. When there are such clients our agency does come together and discuss the impact it has on us and how to cope with it in a healthy manner, and I find that to be incredibly supportive and even necessary amongst mental health professions. Another method described that I find helpful and is also my standard â€Å"goto† is the use of humor. Humor is somewhat a twofold experience that alters not only thoughts but physical feeling. The act of laughing or smiling causes the releaseRead MoreThe Role of a Community Counselor1735 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals and communities understand their new challenges and learn the skills they need for dealing with them. These educational efforts can strengthen people’s ability to deal w ith stressors and in some cases, prevent long-lasting effects on mental health† (Lewis, Lewis, Daniels, amp; DAndrea, 2011). Broad-based strategies include developmental and preventive interventions aimed at the community at large, to teach members of the community new skills and help community members gain awarenessRead MoreHow Social Work Affects The Lives Of Becoming A Social Worker1805 Words   |  8 Pageseducation through SUNY College at Buffalo to the test. In addition to working at a daycare, my internship through SUNY College at Buffalo also helped me to narrow down what I wanted as a concentration piece of my masters. As an intern to the Mental Health Director at Holy Cross Head Start at Northwest Community Center in Buffalo, I got a hands on experience of what it is like to work with children with IEP’s, doing paperwork, planning and home visits. When it came to working with children with anRead MoreHealth Bridge Hospital : A Child Based Hospital Essay1961 Words   |  8 PagesEstablished in 1998, Health Bridge Hospital is an acute specialized institution and is licensed to provide sub-acute and acute special pediatric care. Health bridge hospital is a child based hospital that aids in providing pediatric special acute care for children. The hospital also serves as a higher bridge between homes for families and the hospital because of the serious complex issues that arise medically. Premature birth, chronic disease, serious injuries, major surgeries and life threateningRead MoreSelf-Supervision and Plan Essay3182 Words   |  13 PagesClinical mental health counselors diagnose, treat, and test psychological disorders as well as support and teach clients skills needed for positive behavior changes. According to the 2012 American Mental Health Counselors Association’s (AMHCA) code of ethics â€Å"Mental health counselors believe in the dignity and worth of the individual. They are committed to increasing knowledge of human behavior and understanding of themselves and others. They use their skills only for purposes consistent with theseRead MoreWestern Nursing Theories2478 Words   |  10 Pagesthe physicians/psychiatrists biomedical theory to mental illness. This writer suggests that today in response to the changing world that nurse theories will revolutionize treatment of the mental health consumer. The World Health Organization lists what world changes have occurred, and how health care nee ds to change in response to the world.(Barker,2009) WHO lists these changes in relevance to psychiatric nursing and the need for flexible mental healthcare, to address our changing society.(BarkerRead MoreMental Health Staff For Protected Therapeutic Time Within Adult Psychiatric Wards2000 Words   |  8 PagesHamilton s (2012) qualitative study Attitudes of Mental Health Staff to Protected Therapeutic Time in Adult Psychiatric Wards. I chose this article as I was very interested in hearing what staff in inpatient psychiatric units thought about the benefits and drawbacks of protected therapeutic time with clients. Authors Background and Intended Audience This article was written by two authors who are both consultant psychiatrists for the National Health Services in the United Kingdom. Thomson holdsRead MoreLiterature Review On Stress And Burnout1175 Words   |  5 PagesDescriptive Literature Review: Stress and Burnout in Mental Health Nursing â€Å"Nurses caring for psychiatric patients who have been referred by law-enforcement for example forensic psychiatric/mental health patients, including patients formerly termed ‘criminally insane’ (Steadman Cocozza, 1978), would inevitably be subject to a greater risk of violence and aggression, and stress and burnout, compared with those working in any other field of nursing† (Mason, 2002 as cited in Dickinson WrightRead MoreSocial Workers And Mental Health Providers1477 Words   |  6 Pagesworkers and mental health providers work in a field where trauma is prevalent. This means that people who work in these types of fields are more likely to experience what is called â€Å"secondary traumatization†, â€Å"vicarious traumatization† or â€Å"compassion fatigue†. These terms all essentially describe the negative impact of bonding with a trauma survivor and exposure to the survivor’s traumatic encounters (McCann Pearlman 1990 ). These terms are different than and should not be confused â€Å"with burnout†. The

Did the New Deal Satisfy the Three Rs - 860 Words

FDR’s New Deal It is nearly impossible to discus the economic situation of the 1930’s without discussing one of the major things that occurred during it: Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. The New Deal was put together by Roosevelt in order to satisfy the three R’s; Relieve, Recover and Reform. In doing so, he hoped to bring an end to the great depression. The new deal did not come in one form though. It took on the forms of many separate programs attempting to satisfy relief, recovery or reform. A few of the most notable programs were FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation), the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps), and the PWA (Public Works Association). The New deal did not satisfy each of the three R’s even though. Many of the programs†¦show more content†¦It aimed to slowly help people back up by offering them jobs and paying them for it. A third major program that the New Deal instated was the Public Works Association. The aim of this p rogram was also to help people recover from the depression by employing them under the government. Under this program, people were hired to help construct important things to the public, such as roads, railways, and bridges. This would help, because it was employing people, and paying them for working. This money would in turn enter the economy, and help strengthen it. It also was aim to help people recover, because it did not offer instant relief for anyone suffering. It slowly began to boost people’s income, and strengthen the economy. In conclusion, the New Deal was an integral part of the 1930’s. Although it did not end the Great Depression, it certainly did help alleviate the problems people were faced with during the time. It did this through various programs that sought to relieve people who were affect the worst by the depression, recover the economy by giving people jobs, and reform the government to try to prevent another disaster like itShow MoreRelatedThe Growing Managers Case Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to need to use The Five R’s to get her team up and running efficiently. The action plan breaks down into three weeks that allows Richardson to work The Five R’s into her team’s everyday work life. In the â€Å"Growing Managers† case, it seems as though everything that could go wrong for Richardson did as she started her new managerial role in Phoenix. All of Richardson’s problems stem from the Hierarchical Needs Model which argues that people are motivated to satisfy their most basic unfulfilledRead MoreRoosevelt and The New Deal Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesbut through his New Deal program, the federal government became much more involved socially and economically in peoples lives in contrast to its traditionally passive role. The governments responsibilities in peoples lives changed and individuals responsibilities changed too. The role of the government in peoples lives expanded greatly during the New Deal era. When Roosevelt took office, his main goal was to provide relief for the country. He thought there were three key elementsRead MoreCoke and Pepsi Issues5071 Words   |  21 Pagesare still affecting the company, they will formulate another response to solve the issues effectively. In this case, Coke issue certainly had not ended. This is because the company did pollute the environment. However, they choose to not apologize. Instead, Coke hired a new public relations firm to build a new image in order to boost up their sales in the country. This act shows that Coke not only prioritize their profits but also trying to hide their wrongdoings of polluting the environmentRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Save People s Lives2260 Words   |  10 Pagestesting happened in the ancient times to satisfy a curiosity for anatomy and to obtain knowledge. Back in these days a researcher would cut open an awake animal before a crowd. Belgian Andreas Vesalius and his students in Padua, Italy demonstrated public lectures on anatomy. â€Å"An animal, usually a dog, would be cut open while still alive and the function of each organ would be speculated upon as it was located† (Monamy 9). Today animals are used as a way to test new and unknown medications on a livingRead M oreCase Study of McDonalds including SWOT analysis3414 Words   |  14 Pagescurrent trends and concerns in their individual geographical locations, simultaneously cutting costs. i.For example: In Europe, McDonalds discovered that children were content with a simple word puzzle on a menu tray or a small stuffed animal and did not require more expensive Happy meal promotions that they used in the U.S. c.This year the worlds largest restaurant chain, with 31,000 locations, will spend $1.9 billion to open 800 restaurants and reinvest in existing locations. 3.The companysRead MoreIRS Practice And Procedures Lessons10503 Words   |  43 Pages Technical advice memorandum (after) e. Determination letter binding to the specific tax letter. f. Chief Counsel advice one of the attorneys for the IRS. g. Internal Revenue Manual h. IRS publication i. Oral communication 3. Describe the three types of Treasury regulations and their relative weight of authority. Legislative ( a legislative regulation has the force and effect of law) or substantive, Interpretive. 4. Section 1361(b)(1)(D) provides that a subchapter S corporation cannot haveRead MoreHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 Pagespaper. This work would not have been possible without his prompt and constructive comments in every submission we made. Special thanks go to each one of our families for their prayers, believing in our abilities, supporting us and putting up with our three years absence. May the good Lord repay their patience and endurance. We are forever indebted to God Almighty who kept us healthy and supplied us with divine energy throughout our study. He in a miraculous way bound us together with strings that couldRead MoreEssay about Whole Foods Market16819 Words   |  68 Pagesthe United Kingdom and the United States, has had unstable activity resulting in an increase in unemployment and a decrease in consumer spending. Both of these factors have negatively affected Whole Foods direction, as far as expanding and building new stores. Whole Foods has been keeping up with the changing technology. The organic retailer has been improving the growth of organic foods. Not only has Whole Foods been focused on their technology efforts, but they have also become a leaderRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pages Inc. Executive Publisher: Don Fowley Associate Publisher: Daniel Sayer Acquisitions Editor: Jennifer Welter Marketing Manager: Christopher Ruel Production Manager: Dorothy Sinclair Production Editor: Sandra Dumas Senior Designer: Kevin Murphy New Media Editor: Lauren Sapira Editorial Assistant: Mark Owens Production Management Services: Elm Street Publishing Services Composition Services: Aptara, Inc. This book was typeset in 10/12 Times by Aptara, Inc., and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley

Strengths and Weaknesses Employment Relations in China

Question: Discuss about the Strengths and Weaknesses for Employment Relations in China. Answer: Introduction The employment relations in each and every country are monitored and reviewed by the legal framework developed by the state government. Employment relations are described as the legal link existing between employers and employees for exchange of performing services by an employee in return of compensation provided by the employers. The role of government on industrial relations is very important as it determines the legal obligations of both the employer and employees on each other. The existence of legal laws and regulations developed by state plays a critical role in promoting good employment relations by providing equal degree of control to both the parties in context (Blyton et al., 2008). In this regard, the present paper assesses the strengths and the weaknesses of the role that the state plays in the system of employment relations in China. Assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the role that the state plays in the system of employment relations in China General Assessment of Role of State in Employment Relations Employment relations are not only limited to the employer-employee relations but also includes industry context which provides framework for governing these relations. Employment relations generally exist at individual as well as at collective level. Individual level includes the relationship existing between employer and employees while at collective level it refers to the relationship existing between association of employer and employees such as trade unions (Dzimbiri, 2008).The role of state and central government is very important in regulating employer-employee relations at collective level for ensuring protection of interests of both the parties. Thus, it can be said that there are three major parties involved in employment relations that are, employer, employees and government. The state and central government holds the responsibility of regulating employer-employee relations through development of legal laws and regulations for monitoring the working conditions in industrial sector (Blyton et al., 2008). Also, the state also established labor courts, tribunals and other regulatory bodies for resolving conflicts arising between employer-employees in any context. The state government also plays a major role in promoting collective bargaining to protect the exploitation of workers by employers (Dzimbiri, 2008). Collective bargaining can be described as a process of carrying out negotiation between employees and employers association for determining the employment terms and conditions such as remuneration, working hours, benefits, health and safety. Collective bargaining process has played a significant role in promoting fair employment relations and improving working conditions (Bendix, 2001). The state government holds the authority to take decisions in the matters involved in disputes related to wages and working conditions that is to should be abided by both employers and employees. The state government is actively involved in introducing major steps for promoting growth of trade uni ons in developing and underdeveloped economies of the world. In addition to this, it also takes voluntary initiatives such as establishing codes of conduct and discipline for industries to achieve industrial peace and harmony. The government holds all the legal power to impose decisions in the event of strikes and lockout for overcoming industrial unrest (Dzimbiri, 2008). Labor Market in China The introduction of economic reform in China has opened up its economy to outside world, which is facilitating the economic activities between domestic community and other countries. This has caused major changes in the employment relations in the country over the past few years (Wu, 2006). There have been large scale establishments of non-public entities in the country causing large scale increase in the number of employees. The state enterprises in the country were largely restructured for enhancing the volume of productivity (Rush, 2011). This leads to a significant increase in the number of employee responsible for the occurrence of industrial disputes in the country. The reforms in China have facilitated rapid development of industries caused by the large scale migration of workers from rural to urban areas in search of employment. The unlimited supply of labor in Chinese market is responsible for creating an imbalance between supply and demand factors of labor. The growing inte nsity of labor in Chinese market has caused the occurrence of several conflicts between employer and employees. Industrial conflicts have evolved as a major prominent issue in the countrys market with the fraction of disputes increasing in number dramatically (China: from surplus labor and unemployment risk, to labor shortages in a decade, 2015). The nature of industrial disputes relating to employment relations is collective in nature. The major causes of industrial disputes in Chinas labor market are compensation, economic remedies, labor insurance and welfare programs. The percentage of industrial disputes in Chinas market is increasing at a rapid rate for example, there were approximately about 515,000 workers involved in collective disputes in the year 2003 that represents about 61.6% of the total industrial disputes. The nature of employment disputes being collective in nature is complex in nature and thus their resolution poses difficulty for the management and government in China. There is relative increase in the mass protest and campaigns in the country indicating workers dissatisfaction about their working conditions (Lee and Warner, 2006). The major example of industrial disputes occurred in China on account of employment relations are of Hondas strikes in the year 2010. The main cause for the occurrence of strike in the company was relating to compensation conditions of employees. Thus, the increasing number of industrial disputes in the country has laid to the necessity of introducing sound HRM practices in the management practices of companies in the country. The role of state has become very crucial in China for overcoming the increasing rate of industrial disputes in the country through enforcement of mandatory laws and regulations to be followed by the industries in the country (Chan and Hui, 2012). Laws and Regulations in China China mainly adopts and follows a centralized system of government. Thus, state governance occupies the main role in Chinese market for developing policies relating to promoting welfare of its citizens. Chinese Communist Party has established Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in the year 1949 for implementing an institutional framework for governing employment relations. The Labor law was passed by PRC government in the year 1994 for promoting employees welfare. The law mainly emphasized on protecting the legal rights of employees and for overcoming conflicts arising between employer and employees (Xie, 2015). The institutions covered under the law include state-owned and private enterprises, government agencies and the individual economic organization. The law provides employees the authority to form trade unions for representing their interests and opinions in front of the management. The trade union developed will function independently in order to protect the legal rights of employ ees (Brown, 2010). Labor law mainly covers the issues related to labor contacts, collective agreements, work hours, leaves, compensation, safety and health, child work protection, social insurance and benefits. In addition to this, Trade Union Law has been passed by PRC government in 2001 for resolving the conflicts arising between employer and employees for promoting harmonious industrial relations (Cooney et al., 2013). The main objective behind the development of trade union law was to provide assistance to institutions in the event of any conflicting situation for restoring work and order. There has also been the development of Employees Assembly in China that is mainly seen as a democratic management system adopted at enterprise level for monitoring the daily work activities of organizations. Employees Assembly holds the responsibility of increasing the trade union power in the decision-making process of enterprises. Employees Assembly functions under the control of Communist party and enforces th e policies and principles of State party at the enterprise level. Employment Promotion law in China is mainly developed for promoting positive interaction between employer and employees and reducing inequality in employment relations. It grants protection to the employees against any form of discrimination based on the factors such as ethnicity, race, gender, religions or any other such factor. It ensures providing equal employment options to the workers by offering employment in accordance with their duties (Shen, 2007). Role of State in Employment Relations in China Employment relations system in China is mainly governed and regulated by the state governance. It is a labor administration system dominated mainly by the state government. The state government regulates and monitors the employment relations through the implementation of a collective consultation system (Dzimbiri, 2008).The increasing rate of industrial conflicts in Chinese economy has led to the establishment of a collective contract system for managing labor relations through carrying out negotiations between employer and employees. The general conditions of employment in China are manly governed by national laws and are implemented in accordance with provincial and municipal regulations. The development of Trade Union Law has caused the establishment of collective contract system as a measure of adopting a legal framework for monitoring employment relations in China (Lee, 2006). ACFTU, that is All China Federation of Trade Unions, has emphasized on the adoption and implementation of a collective contract system as a critical means for regulating labor relations in the changing economic context of the country. The state government has enforced enterprises to sign collective contracts for enhancing the power of trade unions in regulating employment relations (Shen, 2007).Trade union plays a major role in protecting the rights and interests of employees and resolving the industrial conflicts arising on the basis of wages and working conditions. The state has directed ACFTU the responsibility of promoting reforms in employment relation system in China in order to promote industrial peace. The economic reforms brought in the China have led to a sudden increase in the number of industrial disputes . In this context, ACFTU holds the responsibility of ensuring good relations between management, state and the trade union. The state government plays a critical role in initiating the system of collective consultation and its implementation at the enterprise level is mainly under the control of trade union. The process of collective consultation adopted by the enterprises in China can be stated as a method of referring the proposals recommended by the management and trade union to all the levels of an enterprise and reporting the feedback gained to the trade union for consideration purpose (Guo, 2012). The development of collective consultation system has provided a full authority to state government for monitoring and reviewing the employment relations in China through controlling trade union activities. Collective contract process provides state government the power to initiate and intervene in the negotiations carried out between employer and employees in the situations of the occurrence of industrial disputes. The state can enforce necessary laws and regulations on enterprises through collective consultation system for regulating employment relations system (Cooke, 2005). The employment relations in China are mainly under the control of state but provide a great degree of diversity depending on the type of ownership in enterprises. The trade unions does not occupy freedom of implementing reforms in the employment relations but in context are regulated by the party organizations at the state level. Thus, it can be said that state occupies a major position in regulation of employ er-employee relations in China. Strengths The increasing conflicts between trade unions and employers have prompted the development of a collective consultation system in China. The introduction and development of collective consultation system has enabled the state to develop harmonious labor relations with the employees. Collective consultation system is implemented by the state in the enterprises of the country for reconciling conflicting interests (Liu and Smith, 2016). This system has caused the introduction of employment contracts in the enterprises for providing job protection to the employees. It has facilitated the development of a democratic management system in industries for protecting the interests and rights of workers. The direct control of state party on the enterprises acts as a critical tool in resisting the employers from indulging in any type of unethical practices against the employees (Stembridge and Fisac, 2004). The workers hold the authority of representing their common interest and opinions in front of the employers through the help of trade unions. The representative of trade union holds the responsibility of carrying out negotiations from the employer for securing the welfare of employees (Guo, 2012). Trade unions have secured various benefits of employees in China such as higher compensation, improved working conditions and granting employees job protection from arbitrary action by employers. Trade union keeps a direct control on the practices and procedures adopted by the employers to protect the discrimination of employees on the basis of caste, race, religion etc. Trade unions in China also play a vital role in the development of labor laws and regulations for ensuring protection of employees. The Labor Contract Law in China was developed from the support of trade unions that are directly under the control of state governance. The labor law of the country provides authority to the em ployees to develop their trade union for representing the problems and issues faced by them (Brown, 2010). Weaknesses The employment relation system in China is directly under the control of state bodies. Collective consultation system introduced in enterprises by state bodies to ensure protection of workers but neither the management and nor the trade union can act independently under this system. Trade unions act under the guiding principles of local government and party authorities. ACFTU holds the monopoly of organizing trade unions at the enterprise level and employees does not have any authority to form their independent trade unions (Shen, 2007). Thus, the dominance of state over trade union system makes collective consultation system rather ineffective to represent the common interest and opinions of employees. There is lack of employees participation system in the development of trade unions that is strictly supervised by state bodies. The employment relations system in China lacks the presence of a labor protection policy that is responsible for the increasing conflicts occurring between e mployers and employees. The absence of such a policy has resulted in the occurrence of issues such as low wages and improper work environment in the enterprises of China (Chan and Hui, 2012). The increasing interference of party-state in the trade unions development is responsible for inculcating beliefs in workers that such unions are only a administrative authority of state governance. It does not play any role in defending and protecting employees interest and welfare. Trade unions have to first in place complies with the obligations of state, enterprises and at last of the workers (Leung, 2012). The representatives of trade unions are appointed by the party and thus take actions that are in the interest of state and not of the union members. The process of collective barging followed by the enterprises in China under the collective consultation system is largely different from that adopted by the other developed countries. The negotiations carried out under collective barging are not a voluntary process between management and labor but is completely guided by the state government. Such a process undertaken is not able to represent the rights and interests of employees before the management appropriately thus leading to the occurrence of large number of industrial conflicts in China (Chinas labour dispute resolution system, 2011). State-owned enterprises are relatively incapable of resolving labor relations problems in the country and this is responsible for employees dissatisfaction. The types of conflicts such as protest, rally and campaigns are common in China due to divergence of interests between management and labor party and ineffectiveness of trade unions to resolve them (Guo, 2012). The judicial system of the country does not take any legal actions towards resolving industrial conflicts due to state-owned nature of the enterprises. This is responsible for the disruptive actions taken by the employees such as united strikes for drawing attention towards their problems and issues. The absence of employees participation in the decision-making process of the management is causing the occurrence of problems such as industrial riots in the country (Cooney et al., 2013). As such, there is a strict requirement of implementing a participation mechanism for the employees through which they can easily share the problems and issues faced by them at the workplaces (Chinas labour dispute resolution system, 2011). Employee Assembly is also under the direct control of state and thus restrains workers from voicing their opinion through employee assembly. The central government in China should take effective steps for overcoming the increasing issues of industrial conflicts occurring due to state-owned nature of enterprises (Shen, 2007). The development of new labor policies is essential in Chinese economy to support its ongoing growth and development under the new market reforms. The set of new laws and legislations should incorporate developments such as individual labor contract, market-based wage system and labor protection policies (Leung, 2012). Thus, the increasing control of state governance of employment relations in China is responsible for the widespread industrial conflicts occurring in the country. Conclusion Thus, it can be summarized from the overall discussion that employment relations in China is completely dominated and controlled by state bodies. This is done through the development of trade unions at the enterprises level that are directly under the control of state governance. The major strength of such a system is keeping a check on the business practices and procedures so that employers are not able to engage in any type of corruptive practices against the employees. However, there are various weaknesses in the system of state dominance on the enterprise level for managing employment relations. Employment relations system in China need to implement major changes in its structuring for overcoming the problems arising due to state dominance in the system. There should be increased participation from the employees for reducing the dominance of state on taking decisions during collective bargaining process. The dominance of state should be reduced for fair providing equal barging po wer to the employees and to avoid the occurrence of industrial conflicts in China. References Bendix, S. (2001). Industrial Relations in South Africa. Juta and Company Ltd. Blyton, P. et al. (2008). The SAGE Handbook of Industrial Relations. SAGE. Brown, R. C. (2010). Understanding Labor and Employment Law in China. Cambridge University Press. Chan, C. and Hui, E. (2012). The Dynamics and Dilemma of Workplace Trade Union Reform in China: The Case of the Honda Workers Strike. Journal of Industrial Relations 54(5), 653668. China: from surplus labour and unemployment risk, to labour shortages in a decade. (2015). Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://www.georgemagnus.com/china-from-surplus-labour-and-unemployment-risk-to-labour-shortages-in-a-decade/ Chinas labour dispute resolution system. (2011). Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://www.clb.org.hk/content/china%E2%80%99s-labour-dispute-resolution-system Cooke, F. (2005). HRM, Work and Employment in China. Psychology Press. Cooke, F. L. (2013). Human Resource Management in China: New Trends and Practices. Routledge. Cooney, S. et al. (2013). Law and Fair Work in China. Routledge. Dzimbiri, L. B. (2008). Industrial Relations in a Developing Society: The Case of Colonial, Independent One-party and Multiparty Malawi. Cuvillier Verlag. Friedman, E. Lee, C. (2010). Remaking the World of Chinese Labour: A 30-Year Retrospective. British Journal of Industrial Relations 48(3), 507-533. Guo, S. (2012). Chinese Politics and Government: Power, Ideology and Organization. Routledge. Lee, C. (2006). Recent Industrial Relations Developments in China and Viet Nam: The Transformation of Industrial Relations in East Asian Transition Economies. Journal of Industrial Relations 48(3), 415-429. Lee, G. Warner, M. (2006). Unemployment in China: Economy, Human Resources and Labour Markets. Routledge. Leung, S. (2012). Chinas Labor Contract System from Planned to Market Economy. Journal of Law, Ethics and Intellectual Property 3(1), 1-10. Liu, M. Smith, C. (2016). China at Work: A Labour Process Perspective on the Transformation of Work and Employment in China. Palgrave Macmillan. Loudon, R. et al. (2013). Introduction to Employment Relations. Pearson Higher Education. Rush, A. (2011). Chinas Labour Market. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2011/sep/pdf/bu-0911-4.pdf Shen, J. (2007). Labour Disputes and their Resolution in China. Elsevier. Stembridge, F Fisac, T. (2004). China Today: Economic Reforms, Social Cohesion and Collective Identities. Routledge. Taylor, B. et al. (2003). Industrial Relations in China. Edward Elgar Publishing. Wu, Y. (2006). Economic Growth, Transition, and Globalization in China. Edward Elgar Publishing. Xie, Z. (2015). Labor Law in China: Progress and Challenges. Springer.

Ufos Fact Or Fiction Essays - Unidentified Flying Objects, Ufology

Ufos: Fact Or Fiction? Unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, are one of the most controversial mysteries known to mankind. From ancient to present times, unidentified objects have been seen in the sky by millions of people. The question is, of course, what is it that we are seeing in our skies? Are they foreign spacecrafts from distant planets, merely Air Force experiments, or only our imagination? Many people believe that extraterrestrial life is existent and far more advanced then us. Conversely, many believe that aliens are just figments of our optimistic imaginations. What about our governments? Are they hiding vital information from us, the citizens of the world, in belief that we are better off not knowing the truth? Countless government employees have continually denied allegations of UFOs being in contact with our planet. Then again, many of these officials have also allegedly taken part in UFO cover-ups and seen flying saucers for themselves. Is there some huge conspiracy, or are there only attention-hungry people who wish to be in the spotlight? Arguments are incredibly strong for both sides. There is an excessive amount of information which could lead one to assume that UFOs are fiction, yet there is also an abundant amount of evidence which suggests that UFOs are in fact out there. What, and who, are we to believe? I. On September 1, 1859, Richard Carrington, a renowned astronomer of his time, saw two luminous bodies that he said were not meteors flying through the air (Lore 53). Nine years later at Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford, many astronomers witnessed a luminous object that moved quickly across the sky, stopped, changed course to the west, then to the south, where it hovered for four minutes. Then it headed toward the north. (Lore 53) UFOs. What are they, and where do they come from? Unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, are one of the worlds oldest and most intriguing mysteries. UFOs are commonly called flying saucers, which the American Heritage Dictionary defines as any of various unidentified flying objects typically reported and described as luminous discs (272). Esteemed Idaho businessman Kenneth Arnold coined the phrase flying saucer when in June of 1947 he saw saucer-shaped discs flying over the Cascade Mountains. It was in this year that these unidentified flying object sightings began to escalate. About one month after Arnold saw these objects in the sky the incident at Roswell occurred. July of 1947, Roswell, New Mexico. The spaceships of extraterrestrials flew over the site of a 1945 atomic bomb test site. During flight, one of these spacecrafts malfunctioned and crashed to the earth. Its entire crew was killed. As Charles Moore stated: various portions of this sequence of events were observed on Army Air Force radars and by eyewitnesses. Thus, alerted, the military acted swiftly; a cordon of troops was placed around the impact site; the wreckage and the small, humaniod alien bodies were removed; and all traces of the crash were expunged. (3) On the 8th of July, the public relations officer at Roswell Army Air Force issued a press release which stated that they had recovered a flying disk that had been sent on to higher headquarters for examination (Moore 3). Within hours though, this announcement was repudiated. The general in command of the regional Army Air Force declared that the wreckage was merely the remains of a weather balloon. This latter story was obviously invented to conceal the recovery of an alien spacecraft. Government officials continued this cover-up by threatening eyewitnesses and local reporters with severe reprisals if they continued to reveal information about the flying disk (Moore 3). This was just the beginning of a massive cover-up, which attempts to keep the worlds citizens in the dark. It wasnt until 1979 when a former military intelligence officer from the Roswell Army Air Force defied the security regulations and spoke out. He told reporters and UFO investigators that the wreckage collected near Roswell in 1947 was not that of a weather balloon and that the fragments he had seen and handled exhibited unusual properties, in terms of hardness and strength, that were not possessed by terrestrial materials (Moore 4). In following years researchers interviewed many people who had firsthand or secondhand knowledge about the